Ibendera ry'Ubwongereza, rizwi cyane nka Union Jack, ni ibendera ry'igihugu cy'Ubwongereza cyangwa Ubwongereza. Ni ibendera ry'Ubwongereza.
Amabendera yacu yo mu Bwongereza akorerwa mu Bushinwa bityo iri bendera rizahura n'andi afite ingano imwe niba urimo uzunguza amabendera menshi hamwe. Imyenda ushobora guhitamo ibendera ryawe ryo mu Bwongereza ni poly spun poly, poly max, nylon. Ushobora guhitamo uburyo bwo gukora applique, uburyo bwo kudoda cyangwa uburyo bwo gucapa kugira ngo ukore iri bendera. Ingano y'Ubwongereza iri hagati ya 12”x18” na 30'x60'
“Bikunze kuvugwa ko ibendera ry’Ubwongereza rigomba kwitwa Union Jack gusa iyo riguruwe mu muheto w’ubwato bw’intambara, ariko iki ni igitekerezo gishya. Kuva mu ntangiriro z’ubuzima bwaryo, Admiralty ubwayo yakundaga kwita Union Jack, uko ryaba rimeze kose, kandi mu 1902, Admiralty Circular yatangaje ko Abatware babo bemeje ko izina iryo ari ryo ryose rishobora gukoreshwa ku mugaragaro. Iryo koreshwa ryemejwe n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko mu 1908 ubwo havugwaga ko “Ubwongereza Jack bugomba gufatwa nk’ibendera ry’Igihugu”.
Rero – “…ibendera rya jack ryari rimaze imyaka irenga ijana na mirongo itanu mbere y’uko jack staff…” Niba hari ikindi kintu, jack-staff yitiriwe Union Jack – ntabwo ari ukundi!
Urubuga rwa interineti rw'Ikigo cy'Ibendera www.flaginstitute.org
Umuhanga mu by'amateka David Starkey yavuze muri icyo kiganiro cya televiziyo cya Channel 4 ko ibendera ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryitwa 'Jack' kuko ryitiriwe James L wo mu Bwongereza (Jacobus, mu Kilatini risobanura James), wazanye ibendera nyuma yo kwima ingoma.
Amateka y'igishushanyo mbonera
Igishushanyo mbonera cya Union Jack cyatangiye ku itegeko ry’Ubumwe ryo mu 1801, ryahuzaga Ubwami bw’Ubwongereza n’Ubwami bwa Irilande (ryahoze ari iry’umuryango bwite) kugira ngo habeho Ubwongereza bw’Ubwongereza na Irilande. Ibendera rigizwe n’umusaraba utukura wa Mutagatifu George (umutagatifu w’Ubwongereza, uhagarariye Wales), ufite impande z’umweru, ushyizwe ku munyu wa Mutagatifu Patrick (umutagatifu w’Ubwongereza), unashyizwe ku munyu wa Mutagatifu Andereya (umutagatifu w’Ubwongereza). Wales ntabwo ihagarariwe mu ibendera ry’Ubumwe n’umutagatifu w’Ubwongereza, Mutagatifu Dawidi, kuko ibendera ryakozwe mu gihe Wales yari igice cy’Ubwami bw’Ubwongereza.
Ingano y'ibendera ku butaka n'ibendera ry'intambara ryakoreshejwe n'ingabo z'Ubwongereza bifite igipimo cya 3:5.[10] Ingano y'uburebure bw'ibendera ku nyanja ni 1:2
Ibendera rya mbere ry’Ubwongereza ryashinzwe mu 1606 binyuze mu itangazo ry’Umwami James wa VI n’uwa I wa Ecosse n’Ubwongereza. Ibendera rishya ry’Ubwongereza ryashyizweho ku mugaragaro n’Itegeko ryo mu 1801, rifite ibara ryaryo rikurikira:
Ibendera ry’Umuryango w’Abibumbye rigomba kuba rifite ibara ry’umweru, imisaraba ya Mutagatifu Andereya na Mutagatifu Patrick buri gihembwe kuri buri saltire, ihinduka, argent na gules, iya nyuma ihinduka iya kabiri, iri hejuru y’umusaraba wa Mutagatifu George w’uwa gatatu ihinduka nk’ibara ry’umunyu.
Nta mabara yemewe yagaragajwe, nubwo Ikigo cy’Ibendera gisobanura amabara y’umutuku n’ubururu bw’ibwami nk’ayoPantone 186 CnaPantone 280 C, uko bikurikirana. Igitambaro cyo gukora ibendera ry'Ubwongereza nacyo ni iri bara.
Umukara w'umutuku wa zahabu
Inkomoko y'umukara, umutuku n'izahabu ntabwo ishobora kumenyekana neza. Nyuma y'intambara zo kwibohora mu 1815, amabara yatewe n'imyenda y'umukara ifite imiyoboro itukura n'utubuto twa zahabu twambarwaga n'umutwe w'abakorerabushake ba Lützow, wari waragize uruhare mu ntambara na Napoleon. Amabara yamenyekanye cyane bitewe n'ibendera ry'umukara n'umutuku ryari rifite imitako ya zahabu ry'umuryango w'abanyeshuri ba Jena Original, washyiraga abasirikare ba Lützow mu banyamuryango bawo.
Ariko, ikimenyetso cy’igihugu cy’ayo mabara cyakomotse ahanini ku kuba rubanda rw’Abadage rwari rwibeshye ko ari amabara y’Ubwami bwa kera bw’Abadage. Mu iserukiramuco rya Hambach mu 1832, benshi mu bitabiriye bari bitwaje amabendera y’umukara n’umutuku n’izahabu. Ayo mabara yabaye ikimenyetso cy’ubumwe bw’igihugu n’ubwisanzure bwa burugumesitiri, kandi yari hafi kugaragara hose mu gihe cya Revolisiyo yo mu 1848/49. Mu 1848, Inama Nkuru y’Igihugu ya Frankfurt n’Inteko Ishinga Amategeko y’Ubudage byatangaje ko umukara, umutuku n’izahabu ari amabara y’Ishyirahamwe ry’Abadage n’Ubwami bushya bw’Abadage bwari bugiye gushyirwaho.
Iminsi yo kuzamura ibendera ry'Ubwongereza
Iminsi y'ibendera abantu bagomba gushushanya ibendera rya Union Jack
Iminsi y'ibendera iyobowe na DCMS irimo amasabukuru y'amavuko y'abagize umuryango w'ibwami, isabukuru y'ubukwe bw'Umwami, Umunsi wa Commonwealth, Umunsi wo kwimikwa ku ngoma, Umunsi wo kwimikwa ku ngoma, isabukuru yemewe y'Umwami, Icyumweru cyo kwibuka no (mu gace ka Greater London) ku minsi yo gufungura no guhagarika Inteko Ishinga Amategeko.[27]
Kuva mu 2022, iminsi ijyanye n'iki gikorwa ni iyi:
9 Mutarama: isabukuru y'amavuko y'Igikomangomakazi cya Wales
20 Mutarama: isabukuru y'amavuko ya Duchess wa Edinburgh
19 Gashyantare: isabukuru y'amavuko ya Duke wa York
Ku cyumweru cya kabiri muri Werurwe: Umunsi wa Commonwealth
10 Werurwe: isabukuru y'amavuko ya Duke wa Edinburgh
9 Mata: isabukuru y'ubukwe bw'Umwami n'Umwamikazi.
Ku wa Gatandatu muri Kamena: Isabukuru yemewe y'Umwami
21 Kamena: isabukuru y'amavuko y'Igikomangoma cya Pays de Galles
17 Nyakanga: isabukuru y'amavuko y'umugore w'Umwamikazi
15 Kanama: isabukuru y'amavuko y'Umwamikazi w'Umwamikazi
8 Nzeri: isabukuru y'uko Umwami yimitswe mu 2022
Ku cyumweru cya kabiri mu Ugushyingo: Icyumweru cyo kwibuka
14 Ugushyingo: Isabukuru y'Umwami
Byongeye kandi, ibendera rigomba kumanikwa mu bice bikurikira ku minsi yagenwe:
Pays de Galles, 1 Werurwe: Umunsi wa Mutagatifu Dawidi
Irilande y'Amajyaruguru, 17 Werurwe: Umunsi wa Mutagatifu Patrick
Ubwongereza, 23 Mata: Umunsi wa Mutagatifu George
Ecosse, 30 Ugushyingo: Umunsi wa Mutagatifu Andereya
Greater London: ifungurwa cyangwa ishyirwa mu bikorwa ry'Inteko Ishinga Amategeko
Igihe cyo kohereza ubutumwa: Werurwe-23-2023